Research Article
18 April 2016

From Strangers to “Humanity First”: Canadian Social Democracy and Immigration Policy, 1932–1961

Publication: Canadian Journal of History
Volume 51, Number 1

Abstract

Abstract

Founded in 1932, Canada's Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (ccf) brought into a single movement disparate elements that, until then, had shown little inclination to cohere: intellectuals from Central Canada, Prairie farmers, politicized workers, many of them of non-British background, and clergy inspired by the Social Gospel. United during the Great Depression by their shared critique of capitalism, these groups stood more broadly for workers' rights and social justice, two preoccupations that would carry into the issue of immigration. This article explores the thought of J.S. Woodsworth, the intellectual climate on the political left, and the constituent parts of Canadian social democracy to discern major factors and trends in the formulation of ccf positions on immigration policy. It invites greater scholarly reflection on the relationship between economic nationalism, especially the protection of the domestic labour market, and an emergent civic nationalism in mid-twentieth-century Canada.

Résumé

Le parti social démocratique du Canada (ccf) rassembla en un seul mouvement des éléments disparates qui jusqu'alors n'avaient démontré aucune envie de s'allier : des intellectuels du centre du Canada, les fermiers des prairies, les travailleurs politisés, beaucoup d'entre eux n'ayant aucun antécédent britannique, de même que le clergé animé par l'évangile social. Faisant front commun durant la Grande dépression avec leur critique du capitalisme, ces groupes prenaient largement le parti des droits des travailleurs et de la justice sociale, deux préoccupations qui menèrent à la question d'immigration. Nous examinons ici la pensée de J.S. Woodsworth, le climat intellectuel de la gauche, de même que les composantes de la démocratie sociale au Canada en vue de repérer les facteurs importants et les tendances dans la formulation des positions du ccf sur les politiques en immigration. Par la même occasion nous vous invitons à étendre les réflexions scientifiques d'une façon plus large sur la relation entre le nationalisme économique, plus particulièrement la protection du marché du travail intérieur, et un nationalisme civique naissant au milieu du vingtième siècle au Canada.

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Information

Published In

Go to Canadian Journal of History
Canadian Journal of History
Volume 51Number 1Spring-Summer 2016
Pages: 58 - 82

History

Published online: 18 April 2016
Published in print: Spring-Summer 2016

Keywords:

  1. Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (ccf)
  2. socialism in Canada
  3. J.S. Woodsworth (1874–1942)
  4. immigration policy
  5. labour
  6. Canadian civic nationalism

Mots-clés :

  1. Parti social démocratique (ccf)
  2. socialisme au Canada
  3. J.S. Woodsworth (1874–1942)
  4. politique en immigration
  5. travail
  6. nationalisme civique canadien

Authors

Affiliations

Patrick Lacroix
Biography: patrick lacroix, a PhD candidate and former Fulbright grantee at the University of New Hampshire, studies the religious dimensions of migration and national identity in Canada and New England. He is the author of “Immigration, Minority Rights, and Catholic Policy-Making in Post-War Canada,” published in Histoire sociale/Social History (2014).

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Patrick Lacroix
Canadian Journal of History 2016 51:1, 58-82

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