Research Article
Fall 2016

The Stratford Anomaly and Canadian Cultural Clusters

Publication: TOPIA: Canadian Journal of Cultural Studies
Volume 36

Abstract

Abstract

This article examines the anomalous status of Stratford, Ontario, as the city with the highest percentage of arts-related employment per capita in Canada and as the home of North America’s largest classical theatre, the Stratford Festival (SF). The authors assert that this small city’s diverse cultural achievements are not accidents of history, as they are typically portrayed in theatre and cultural criticism, but rather effects of a civic tradition that connects citizenship to cultural infrastructure in the interest of developing an amenity-rich city. To illustrate this point, the authors review the literature on cultural clusters as it pertains to small cities, show how Stratford differs from the statistical norms, then demonstrate how Stratford’s history of financial, political and social investment in cultural infrastructure undergirded the founding of the SF in 1953. This infrastructure, which dates back to the 1850s, is largely overlooked in academic criticism on the SF because critics depend on founder Tom Patterson’s portrait of the SF in First Stage: The Making of the Stratford Festival (1987, reissued 1999) as the origin, not the outgrowth, of Stratford’s cultural economy. In contrast to Patterson’s argument, which gets reiterated in academic and popular publications about Stratford, this article maintains that Stratford’s thriving cultural economy is not the product of a single institution or individual genius, but rather the outgrowth of an interconnected ecology of cultural agents, materials, influences, traditions and modes of communication.

Résumé

Nous examinons dans cet article le caractère anomal de la ville de Stratford, Ontario. On trouve en effet à Stratford le plus haut pourcentage d’emplois dans le domaine des arts ainsi que le plus grand théâtre classique d’Amérique du Nord, soit le Festival de Stratford. Les auteurs affirment que les multiples réalisations culturelles de cette collectivité ne sont pas le résultat d’un concours de circonstances historiques, en dépit de ce que la critique théâtrale et culturelle soutient souvent. Ces réalisations sont plutôt les effets d’une tradition municipale reliant la citoyenneté aux infrastructures culturelles établies dans l’intérêt de bâtir une ville riche en agréments. Les auteurs examinent d’abord la littérature sur les agglomérations culturelles dans des petites villes et montrent que Stratford diverge des normes statistiques. Ils démontrent ensuite que les investissements financiers, politiques et sociaux de Stratford dans son infrastructure culturelle sous-tendaient l’avènement du Festival de Stratford en 1953. Cette infrastructure, datant des années 1850, a été en grande partie ignorée, car les commentateurs ayant accepté la version de Tom Patterson dans First Stage: The Making of the Stratford Festival (publié en 1987, réédité en 1999) présentent le festival comme l’origine et non le résultat, de l’économie culturelle de Stratford. Contrairement à l’argument avancé par Patterson, qui est repris dans les écrits tant universitaires que populaires, l’économie culturelle florissante de la ville n’est pas le produit d’une seule institution ou du génie d’une personne, mais bien le résultat d’une écologie complexe où s’enlacent agents, matériaux, influences, traditions et modes de communications culturels.

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Information & Authors

Information

Published In

Go to TOPIA
TOPIA: Canadian Journal of Cultural Studies
Volume 36Fall 2016
Pages: 127 - 150

History

Published in print: Fall 2016
Published online: 10 April 2018

Keywords

  1. Stratford;
  2. festival;
  3. cluster;
  4. theatre;
  5. economy;
  6. Tom Patterson;
  7. Tyrone Guthrie;
  8. Thomas Orr

Authors

Affiliations

Ian Rae
Biography: IAN RAE is an Associate Professor of Modern Languages at King’s University College at Western University. He is the author of From Cohen to Carson: The Poet’s Novel in Canada (2008) and editor of George Bowering: Bridges to Elsewhere (2010). This article resulted from a SSHRC Insight Development Grant (with Sandra Smeltzer) for our Mapping Stratford Culture project, which aims to develop an interdisciplinary history of the city’s cultural life. The project will include an anthology and an interactive, web-based timeline of productions in Canadian theatre, literature, music and the visual arts.
Sandra Smeltzer
Biography: SANDRA SMELTZER’s current areas of research and publication include critical pedagogy, experiential learning, communication in transitioning and developing countries (particularly in Southeast Asia), the ethics of activist research, ICTs for social justice, and the scholar-activist dialectic. She is a Teaching Fellow at Western, with a focus on experiential learning (2015-2019); a Moore Institute Fellow at the National University of Ireland, Galway (2016); and the co-coordinator of the Media and the Public Interest program at Western. She has been awarded the USC Teaching Honour Roll Award of Excellence for every year she has taught at the university, and is the recipient of the FIMS Undergraduate Teaching Award. She was awarded Western’s inaugural Humanitarian Award for her international work, named one of Canada’s Top 25 Most Influential Women by Women of Influence magazine and one of Western’s Top Newsmakers, and is profiled in the philanthropy magazine, Lifestyles.

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Ian Rae and Sandra Smeltzer
TOPIA 2016 36:, 127-150

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