The Social Organization of Community-Run Place: An Analysis of Community Gardens and Crime in Vancouver (2005–2015)
Publication: Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice
Volume 63, Number 1
Abstract
Abstract
Community gardens can bring many benefits to community members, including access to healthy, affordable foods and opportunities for social interaction. Less certain, however, is their contribution to neighbourhood resilience to crime. To date, few studies have focused on the ability of community gardens – as distinct from other types of green spaces – to promote social organization and reduce local crime. Findings of studies that do so are inconclusive, and at best suggestive of gardens’ crime-deterring effects. The present study spotlights community gardens as unique spaces promoting social capital development and attachment to place, testing the effect of new community gardens in Vancouver, BC. Using neighbourhood census data from 2005 to 2015, the effects of new community gardens, as well as median income, population size, homeownership, and ethnic diversity, on property crime are assessed with multilevel modeling. The results show significant negative effects of median income, population size, and new community gardens on crime, with the addition of just one garden reducing neighbourhood crime by approximately 49 counts, and with increases in population size (by 1,000 individuals) and median income (by CAD$1,000) lowering crime by 48 and 34 counts, respectively.
Résumé
Les jardins communautaires peuvent apporter de nombreux avantages aux membres d’une communauté, notamment un accès à des aliments sains et abordables et l’occasion d’interagir avec d’autres membres de la communauté. Ce qui est moins certain, par contre, est leur contribution à la résilience de quartier face au crime. À ce jour, peu d’études se sont concentrées sur l’habileté des jardins communautaires – en tant qu’espaces distincts d’autres types d’espaces verts – à promouvoir l’organisation sociale et à réduire le crime local. Les résultats des études qui le font ne sont pas concluants, et, au mieux, suggèrent que les jardins ont un effet sur la prévention du crime. Cette étude met l’accent sur les jardins communautaires en tant qu’espaces uniques qui promeuvent le développement du capital social et l’attachement à un endroit en testant les effets de nouveaux jardins communautaires à Vancouver, en Colombie-Britannique. À l’aide de données obtenues de recensements de quartier de 2005 à 2015, nous utilisons un modèle multiniveau pour évaluer les effets de nouveaux jardins communautaires ainsi que du revenu moyen, de la taille de la population, de la propriété et de la diversité ethnique sur les crimes contre les biens. Les résultats démontrent des effets négatifs importants du revenu moyen, de la taille de la population et de nouveaux jardins communautaires sur le crime, où l’ajout d’un seul jardin vient réduire le crime dans le quartier d’environ 49 événements, et où une croissance de population (de 1000 personnes) et de revenu moyen (de 1000 $ CA) réduit le crime de 48 et de 34 événements, respectivement.
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Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice
Volume 63 • Number 1 • January 2021
Pages: 23 - 51
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Published ahead of print: 23 February 2021
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