Open access
Research Article
Fall 1992

“Victims of Vaccination?”: Opposition to Compulsory Immunization in Ontario, 1900–90

Publication: Canadian Bulletin of Medical History
Volume 9, Number 2

Abstract

Abstract

During the past two decades, many parents in Europe and North America have begun to question the routine use of immunization for the prevention of disease. Their concerns are the latest segment in the long history of lay people attempting to control the medical treatment they and their children receive. This article focuses first upon the social and political dimensions of one particular struggle over compulsory vaccination against smallpox in the city of Toronto during the first two decades of this century. Drawing upon newspaper accounts, minutes and reports of provincial and municipal departments of health, archival documents and pamphlets, it presents the opposing points of view in the battle over compulsory vaccination laws. The article then turns to the current controversy over the use of the pertussis vaccine, examining the work of the Committee Against Compulsory Vaccination, the group battling against immunization legislation. This examination raises the issue of how to resolve the conflict between “the public good”, and the rights of individual citizens to determine the scope and method of their own medical treatment.

Résumé

Depuis quelque vingt ans, de nombreux parents en Europe et en Amerique du Nord questionnent le recours systématique à la vaccination comme méthode préventive contre les maladies. Leur questionnement s'inscrit dans l'histoire comme un des derniers avatars de la vieille lutte que livrent les profanes pour avoir une emprise sur le traitement médical qu'ils reçoivent et que reçoivent leurs enfants. Cet article traite d'abord des dimensions sociales et politiques de la campagne contre la vaccination antivariolique obligatoire qui eut lieu à Toronto durant les dew. premières décennies du siècle. I1 présente les points de vue opposés dans cette bataille sur la base de comptes rendus journalistiques, de proès-verbaux et de rapports des départements de santé publique tant municipaux que provinciaux, de documents d'archives et de brochures. I1 examine également la controverse actuelle sur l'usage de certains types de vaccins et le travail du «Comité contre la vaccination obligatoire» (un groupe qui milite contre les lois sur l'immunisation), soulevant ainsi le problème de la recherche d'une solution au conflit entre le «bien public» et les droits du citoyen à déterminer l'étendue et les méthodes de traitement médical qu'il reçoit.

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Published In

Go to Canadian Bulletin of Medical History
Canadian Bulletin of Medical History
Volume 9Number 2Fall 1992
Pages: 159 - 176
PubMed: 11616229

History

Published in print: Fall 1992
Published online: 13 December 2016

Keywords

  1. smallpox
  2. activism
  3. pertussis
  4. homeopathy
  5. natural health movement
  6. mass movement
  7. Anti-Vaccination League of Canada

Mots-clés

  1. variole
  2. activisme
  3. coqueluche
  4. homéopathie
  5. mouvement pour la santé naturelle
  6. mouvement de masse
  7. Ligue anti-vaccination du Canada

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Affiliations

Katherine Arnup
School of Canadian Studies, Carleton University

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Katherine Arnup
Canadian Bulletin of Medical History 1992 9:2, 159-176

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